PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.